Sensor Performance Test of Laboratory Type Silage Production, Data Acquisition and Control System; Module-B
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRSET2512113Keywords:
Silage, Vacuum, Sensor, CO2 level, O2 levelAbstract
The main objective of this study is to investigate the performance of the sensors integrated into the laboratory-type silage production, data acquisition and control system. The system developed within the scope of the TUBITAK 1002 project, is a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)-controlled multi-sensor data acquisition-based designed to carry out numerous studies to improve silage quality. The system comprises chopping, weighing, ensiling, data acquisition and control units. The ensiling unit consists of two modules, module-A (compaction principle) and module-B (vacuum principle). This research focuses on measurements conducted with plexiglass silos (24.5 cm3) in the module-B unit. Plexiglass silos were equipped with an oxygen sensor (±0-100 %), carbon dioxide sensor (0-5000/40 000 ppm), temperature sensor (±0.53 °C, -10 – 80 °C), humidity sensor (0-100 %), pH sensor (2-12), and pressure sensor (± 1000 mbar). The data received from the sensors were recorded in the data acquisition unit at the rate of one data per second. Due to the large amount of data acquired, average values were used. The data are displayed on the screen of the HMI operator panel, designed using the GOP HMI editor software, and are stored in Excel form. The measurements were conducted during the silage (aerobic) and post-silage (anaerobic) periods. According to the research results, the temperature ranged from 15-30°C, the humidity content ranged from 60-98%, the pH content ranged from 5.8 to 4.3, the oxygen(O2) content ranged from 8.0 to 0 mmol/L, and the carbon dioxide(CO2) level ranged from 0 to 40 mmol/L.
Downloads
References
Tan, F. 2020. New Approaches and Applications in Agriculture. Silo Management. Chapter 8, Pages 149-172.
Roy, M.B., Treblay, Y., Pomerleau, P., Savoie, P. 2001. Compaction and Density of Forage in Bunker Silos. ASAE Annual International Meeting. Paper No:01-1089.
Muck, R.E. and Holmes, B.J. 2000. Factors Affecting Bunker Silo Densities. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 16(6):613-619.
Muck, R.E., Savoie, P. and Holmes, B.J. 2004. Laboratory assessment of bunker silo density, part I: Alfalfa and grass. - Applied Engineering in Agriculture 20(2): 157-164. DOI: 10.13031/2013.15885.
Binuomote, R.T., Ojoawo, O.T., Ojejinmi, A.A. 2018. In Vitro Gas Production Assessment of Ensiled Brachiaria Decumbens with Different Additives as Animal Feed During the Dry Season. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJSRSET) 4(8):695-709. Print ISSN: 2395-1990| Online ISSN: 2394-4099. Themed Section: Engineering and Technology DOI: https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRST196633
Binuomote, R.T., Bamigboye, F.O., Amuda, A.J., Ayebogan, G. 2019. Silage Quality and Preference of Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) with Varying Levels of Poultry dropping and Cassava Peel by West African Dwarf Goats. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJSRSET) 6(1):537-548. Print ISSN: 2395-1990 | Online ISSN: 2394-4099 Themed Section: Engineering and Technology DOI: https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRSET196610
Wang, R. 2012. Estimation of Silage Density in Bunker Silos by Drilling. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, 396. Master Thesis.
Ruppel, K.A. 1993. Bunker silo management and its effects on hay crop quality. In proceedings from the national silage production conference: 67-82. NRAES publication 67, cooperative extension, Ithaca, NY.
Ruppel, K.A. 1997. Economics of silage management practices: What can I do to improve the bottom line in my ensiling business? Silage: Field to Feedbunk (NRAES-99). Northeast Regional Agricultural Engineering Service, Ithaca, NY.
Oelberg, T., Harms, C., Ohman, D., Hinen, J., Defrain, J. 2005. Survey Shows More Packing of Bunkers and Piles Needed, Monsanto Dairy Business and Hubbard Dairy Services .
D’Amours, L., Savoie, P. 2005. Density profile of corn silage in bunker silos. Canadian Biosystems Engineering, 47:21–28. DOI:10.13031/2013.17064.
Visser, B. 2005. Forage Density and Fermentation Variation: a Survey of Bunkers, Piles and Bags Across Minnesota and Wisconsin dairy farms, Four-State Dairy Nutrition and Management Conference Proceedings. (MWPS-4SD18). MidWest Plan Service. Ames, IA.
Craig, P. H., Roth., G. 2005. Penn State University Bunker Silo Density Study Summary Report, 2004-2005. Pennsylvania State University.
Hoffman, T., Geyer, S. 2014. Determination of Silage Density in Bunker Silos Using a Radiometric Method. Agronomy Research,12 (1),65-72.
Sun, Y.R., Buescher, W., Lin, J.H., Schulze, Lammers, P., Ross, F., Maack, C., Cheng, Q., Sun, W. 2010. An Improved Penetrometer Technique for Determining Bale Density. Biosyst. Eng. (2010),105:273–277. doi: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.09.020.
Savoie, P., Muck, R.E., Holmes, B.J. 2004. Laboratory Assessment of Bunker Silo Density. Part II: Whole-Plant Corn. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 20(2):165-171.
Büyüktosun, N., Tan, F. 2015. Effects on Forage Quality and Use in Vacuumed Silage Bags of Different Polyethylene Materials. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty. 12(3):62-67.
Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversty. Tan, F., Dalmış, İ.S., Okur, E., Dalmış, F. 2022. TR 2021 009131 B Patent Belgesi [TÜRK PATENT]
Tan, F., Dalmış, İ.S. 2019. Compaction Pressure and Density Profile in Pile-Type Silos. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 17(2):2745-2754.
Bolsen, K.K., Brent, B.E., Siefers, M.K., Huck, G.L., Turner, J.E., and Young, Matthew A. 1996. Improving silage quality Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports 0(1). Cattlement’s Day: 62-64. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.1976
Olorunnisomo, O.A., Ososanya, T.O. 2015. Physical characteristics, nutritive value and preference of Zebu heifers for ensiled mixtures of corn cob, cassava peel and urea. Scientific Journal of Animal Science. 4(2):19-23.
Tan, F., Kayısoglu, B., Okur, E. 2018. Effects of Compaction Pressure on The Temperature Distribution in Bunker Type Silage Silo. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 88 (1): 116–120.
Kung, L. 2011. Silage Temperatures: How Hot is Too Hot? https://cdn.canr.udel.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/ HowHotisTooHot- 2011.pdf.
Aykız, H. 2019. Effects of Storage Conditions on Fermentation Temperature and Silage Quality in (I Crrop and II crop) Maize Silage. (Msc. Thesis). Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Institute of Science, Tekırdag.
Jiang, S., Jofriet, J.C., Buchanan-Smith, J. 1987. Temperature Observations in a Bottom-Unloading Concrete Silo. Canadian Agricultural Engineering 30: 249–55.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
